Fundamentals of Liquid Scintillation Counting ARTICLES
Sections for TEM must be less than 80 nm thick in order to allow at least 50% of the electron beam to penetrate the sample. This can only be accomplished by using resins for embedding…
The most popular fixatives for TEM work are aldehydes and osmium tetroxide. Aldehyde based fixatives react with amines and other nucleophiles in the tissue, most notably lysine and arginine, generating cross-linked proteins. The cross linking…
The resolution of a microscope is limited by the wavelength of light passing through the sample. For visible microscopes using 400 nm light (blue light), the limit of resolution is one half the wavelength, or…
Light microscopy makes use of primarily two detection systems for immunohistochemistry – fluorescence and enzyme labeling, while electron microscopy relies on the deposition of electron dense materials at the site of antibody binding. Techniques for…
The antibody systems used in Immunohistochemistry can be broadly divided into two types, direct and indirect. With the direct method the visualizing agent is attached directly to the antibody that will bind with the antigen.…
Most dyes used to visualize the membranes and organelles of the cell are water soluble. The embedded wax must therefore be removed prior to staining. This is done by effectively reversing the tissue processing schedule.…
To preserve and support a stained section for light microscopy, it is mounted on a clear glass slide, and covered with a thin glass coverslip. The slide and coverslip must be free of optical distortions,…
Histological staining involves the use of dyes to highlight specific intra- or extracellular elements within tissue. A vast array of dyes and associated staining protocols exist in use. Each dye is targeted toward different cellular…
Artifacts that appear in stained slides may result from a number of causes including improper fixation, the type of fixative, poor dehydration, improper reagents, or poor microtome sectioning. The presence of a fine black precipitate…
Once embedded, tissues are cut into thin sections ready to be placed on a slide. This is done with a microtome, an apparatus for feeding the blocks past an ultrasharp blade with micron level precision.…
- Waste Disposal Issues in Scintillation Counting
- The Complete Scintillation Cocktail
- Radioactive Emissions and the Use of Isotopes in Research
- Preparing Tissue Samples for Scintillation Counting
- Preparing Samples in PAGE Gels for LSC
- Mechanism of Liquid Scintillation Counting
- Measurement of Radiation and Isotope Quantitation
- Liquid Scintillation Signal Interpretation
- Liquid Scintillation and Radiation Safety
- HPLC Flow Counting
- Counting Samples on Cellulose-Ester Filters
- Counting Samples from TLC Plates by LSC
- Counting Efficiency and Quenching
- Counting Carbon Dioxide by LSC
- Chemiluminescence and Static Electricity
- Assaying Discrete Samples by Liquid Scintillation Counting